Note on the upper bound of the rainbow index of a graph

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if every two edges of it receive distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the minimum number of colors that are needed to color the edges of $G$ such that there exists a rainbow path connecting every two vertices of $G$. Similarly, a tree in $G$ is a rainbow~tree if no two edges of it receive the same color. The minimum number of colors that are needed in an edge-coloring of $G$ such that there is a rainbow tree connecting $S$ for each $k$-subset $S$ of $V(G)$ is called the $k$-rainbow index of $G$, denoted by $rx_k(G)$, where $k$ is an integer such that $2\leq k\leq n$. Chakraborty et al. got the following result: For every $\epsilon> 0$, a connected graph with minimum degree at least $\epsilon n$ has bounded rainbow connection, where the bound depends only on $\epsilon$. Krivelevich and Yuster proved that if $G$ has $n$ vertices and the minimum degree $\delta(G)$ then $rc(G)<20n/\delta(G)$. This bound was later improved to $3n/(\delta(G)+1)+3$ by Chandran et al. Since $rc(G)=rx_2(G)$, a natural problem arises: for a general $k$ determining the true behavior of $rx_k(G)$ as a function of the minimum degree $\delta(G)$. In this paper, we give upper bounds of $rx_k(G)$ in terms of the minimum degree $\delta(G)$ in different ways, namely, via Szemer\'{e}di's Regularity Lemma, connected $2$-step dominating sets, connected $(k-1)$-dominating sets and $k$-dominating sets of $G$.Comment: 12 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0902.1255 by other author

Quasi-Whittaker modules for the Schr\"odinger algebra

In this paper, we construct a new class of modules for the Schr\"{o}dinger algebra \mS, called quasi-Whittaker module. Different from \cite{[ZC]}, the quasi-Whittaker module is not induced by the Borel subalgebra of the Schr\"{o}dinger algebra related with the triangular decomposition, but its Heisenberg subalgebra \mH. We prove that, for a simple \mS-module $V$, $V$ is a quasi-Whittaker module if and only if $V$ is a locally finite \mH-module; Furthermore, we classify the simple quasi-Whittaker modules by the elements with the action similar to the center elements in U(\mS) and their quasi-Whittaker vectors. Finally, we characterize arbitrary quasi-Whittaker modules.Comment: 17 page